连栋棚室环境因子集中监测系统的研究

针对目前棚室环境监控系统实时性和可靠性差,价格昂贵以及操作复杂等缺陷,开发了基于CAN总线的连栋棚室环境因子集中监测系统.系统采用单片机控制、总线挂接式结构,通过CAN总线实现监测单元与显示控制单元之间的通信.经实际应用验证,该系统能实现多栋棚室环境因子的集中在线监测,监测准确,完全满足设施农业的生产要求,此外系统结构简单、操作灵活,成本低廉,具有很好的实用推广价值.     

基于PLC和触摸屏的塔机安全监控系统设计

塔式起重机是高层建筑施工必备的起吊运输设备。本塔机安全监控系统用PLC实现塔机电气控制，对从各传感器采集到的数据进行计算、判断处理，做出各种控制动作，用触摸屏以数值方式实时显示塔机运行过程中的主要状态参数，当测量值接近或超过设定值时，可自动预警或报警并记录当前各状态参数，并且能够切断相应控制电路，起到安全保护的作用。     

Selection of taxa as indicators of river and freshwater wetland quality in the UK

• 1. To assess the efficacy of environmental management policies and practices, there is a progressive transition from monitoring of activities towards assessment of their outcomes for the environment.
• 2. Population trends of key taxonomic groups can serve as useful indicators of broader environmental integrity and health. Several necessary and desirable criteria for selecting meaningful and suitable indicators are discussed. The attributes of a range of taxa and survey methods used for their assessment are discussed with reference to these criteria.
• 3. Survey methods, data holdings and analytical methods for populations of wild birds at present provide a good basis for developing indicators of the quality of fresh waters at a landscape scale. Other taxa are not necessarily any less appropriate; however, survey design and data representativeness are often limiting factors to the use of other taxa for assessing geographic and temporal trends.
• 4. Taxonomic science and ecological monitoring are necessary for determining society' progress with sustainable development and for informing appropriate enhancements to policy and management practice, particularly so for fresh waters.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Watershed Health Characterization Using Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability Conceptual Framework Based on Hydrological Responses

An attempt was made to employ the reliability (R_el)–resilience (R_es)–vulnerability (V_ul) conceptual framework to develop a typical indicator system for quantitative assessment of watershed health. The study aimed to conceptualize and customize the R_elR_esV_ul framework to watershed health assessment for the Shazand Watershed in Markazi Province, Iran, for the period of 1977–2014. To this end, four easily, reliable, available and accessible criteria viz. standardized precipitation index (SPI), low and high flow discharges (LFD and HFD), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were selected, and corresponding indices for reliability–resilience–vulnerability (R_elR_esV_ul) framework were accordingly conceptualized and calculated. The thresholds of 0.1, 0.16 m³ s⁻¹, 12.63 m³ s⁻¹ and 25 mg l⁻¹ day⁻¹ were thus selected for SPI, LFD, HFD and SSC, respectively. The results showed a decreasing trend in R_el and R_es, and an increasing trend in V_ul for SPI and LFD in the Shazand Watershed. The results further showed an increasing trend in R_el, and a decreasing trend in V_ul for HFD and SSC. A decreasing trend was ultimately recognized in watershed health index for all criteria except SSC. Additionally, the integrated hydrological watershed health index of 0.16 ± 0.11 obtained from the geometric mean of the R_elR_esV_ul framework indices also showed a decreasing trend for the Shazand Watershed health during the study period. The results of the present initiative study can be considered as a baseline by decision makers and managers to effectively adjust watershed management strategies to handle land degradation issues in the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

魔芋软腐病病原菌TaqMan荧光探针PCR技术的建立及应用

为实现对田间土壤软腐病病原菌的定量检测,基于魔芋软腐病优势病原菌胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum的FyuA基因序列,设计特异性引物PCC1/PCC2/PCC3,建立TaqMan荧光探针实时荧光定量PCR技术,并对魔芋根系土壤中软腐病病原菌进行动态监测。结果显示:基于FyuA基因序列设计的引物特异性好,仅能特异性检出胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种;当模拟带菌土壤中病原菌浓度低至1.88 CFU/g时也能检出,灵敏度高;发病魔芋根际土壤中软腐病病原菌检出率为100.00%,病原菌DNA浓度最高达到了7.52×10~7ng/μL,健康魔芋根际土壤中也存在病原菌,检出率为40.00%;不同种植模式中,林下魔芋土壤中软腐病病原菌数量较少;连作时间与病原菌数量、病情指数存在正相关关系,连作时间越长,病原菌积累越多,魔芋病情指数也越高,魔芋连作4年土壤中病原菌DNA浓度最高达到4.03×10~4ng/μL;对魔芋土壤软腐病病原菌进行全年监测,病原菌数量随着月份增长逐渐上升,在8—10月达到峰值543.20 ng/μL后下降,病原菌数量与魔芋病情指数变化规律一致,但田间魔芋软腐病的发生相对滞后。表明建立的TaqMan荧光探针实时荧光定量PCR技术可用于田间魔芋软腐病的监测。     

电控汽油机运行参数监控系统设计

为了加速小排量发动机电控系统的开发应用以及发动机的匹配标定工作.开发了电控汽油机运行参教监控系统.从硬件结构和软件设计方面论述了发动机监控系统的设计与实现.研究了VB控件MSComm在开发发动机监控系统数据采集模块中的编程技术;利用VB6.0的MSComm通信控件.实现了上位机与主控单片机的串行通信.达到了电控汽油机运行参数的可视化.     

微卫星标记在RR-B系剑尾鱼遗传监测中的应用

采用49对微卫星引物对RR-B系剑尾鱼和红眼红体的非选育系剑尾鱼进行PCR扩增，有46个微卫星座位能获得稳定的扩增产物，7个微卫星座位能区分RR-B系与非选育群体剑尾鱼。7个微卫星座位在选育系剑尾鱼为单态纯合，而在非选育群体具有多态性，座位Msa014鉴定RRB系剑尾鱼排除概率最高，为98.75%，座位Msd003排除概率最低达到了87.50%，其余5个座位排除概率介于两者之间。为方便今后的遗传监测，对RR-B系剑尾鱼样品的7个微卫星座位进行了测序，确定了其大小和具体的微卫星结构。本实验建立了RR-B系剑尾鱼分子检测方法，为实验动物剑尾鱼的遗传监测奠定了基础。图4表3参23     

超级居群:连接生境多样性和生物多样性之桥(英文)

在达尔文(1859)看来,新物种只有通过竞争或者自然选择的方式淘汰原有物种才能进入由其他物种占据的生境并成功定居下来。然而,新物种进入生境并成功定居还有另外一个途径,那就是由于超级居群能在全球尺度上改变整个地球环境,从而能在原有环境中创造出一些全新的微环境来,正是这些全新的微环境使新物种避开了和原有定居者的剧烈竞争,很容易地进入了一直由其他物种占据的生境中并成功地定居下来。换句话说,超级居群导致了全球环境的分化,导致了全球尺度上的生境多样性。同时,超级居群通过环境的异质化为新物种准备好了很多全新的微环境,新物种在全新的微环境中的成功定居实现了新物种和原有定居者的长期共存。而这种长期共存导致了整个生物圈的生物多样性的增加。超级居群是地球上很多新环境的创造者,是生境多样性和生物多样性之间的桥梁,据此就能很容易地解释新物种为什么不时能和原有定居者共存甚至依赖于原有定居者,从而导致二者间剧烈竞争缺失的现象。     

基于一线总线声波传感器的监控系统

将单片机与声波传感器结合,设计了一种单总线声波传器件,并以此器件为基础设计了对环境声波信号进行循环采集和监测智能的系统。系统上位机既可以以点名方式选择让任意一个下位机进行数据传送,也可在轮巡方式工作。由于本系统结构简单、成本低廉,可广泛用于多种场合的声音监控中。     

Historical influences dominate the composition of regenerating plant communities in abandoned citrus groves in north-central Florida

The question of what determines plant community composition is fundamental to the study of plant community ecology. We examined the relative roles of historical land use, landscape context, and the biophysical environment as determinants of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves in north-central Florida. Results were interpreted in light of plant functional traits. Herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to broad-scale variables; herbs correlated most strongly with surrounding land cover at a scale of 8 km, while the only significant determinant of woody species distributions was local land use history. There were significant correlations between herbaceous species and spatial context, habitat isolation, environmental variables, and historical variables. Partial Mantel tests indicated that each variable provided a unique contribution in explaining some of the variation in the herbaceous dataset. The correlation between woody plants and local historical variables remained significant even with other effects corrected for. In the herbaceous community, species composition was linked to functional traits much as expected from classical theory. While spatial influences in our study system are important for both woody and herbaceous plants, the primary determinant of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves is historical land use. Our results suggest that the fine-scale mechanisms of local competition, tolerance and facilitation invoked by many classical studies may ultimately be less important than land use history in understanding current plant community composition in regenerating agricultural areas.